Teorias conspiratórias racistas sobre imigrantes dominam o ciclo eleitoral
I
n recent weeks, racist conspiracy theories about immigrants have dominated the 🎅 election cycle. High-ranking Republicans have doubled down on unsubstantiated rumors about Black and brown migrants, tapping into anxieties that immigrants 🎅 are responsible for increased crime in BR cities.
During last week's presidential debate, Donald Trump echoed a baseless claim that Haitian 🎅 immigrants in Springfield, Ohio, were eating pets. "In Springfield, they're eating the dogs. The people that came in. They're eating 🎅 the cats. They're eating – they're eating the pets of the people that live there," the Republican nominee said.
And in 🎅 response to a question about high costs of living, Trump alluded to viral rumors that members of the Venezuelan gang 🎅 Tren de Aragua were taking over a Colorado apartment complex. "You look at Aurora in Colorado. They are taking over 🎅 the towns. They're taking over buildings. They're going in violently."
Both claims are completely untrue.
Desinformação e xenofobia
Experts argue that the spread 🎅 of such disinformation amplifies existing xenophobic beliefs within the American psyche as a means of political gain. "It's so dangerous 🎅 when people with a platform are repeating these very fabricated rumors," said Gladis Ibarra, co-executive director of the Colorado Immigrant 🎅 Rights Coalition. "These are very much part of a large coordinated strategy to continue to demonize our immigrant neighbors. It's 🎅 undermining the values of our nation and historically what people have said this nation stands for."
Misinformation (inaccurate information that is 🎅 spread unknowingly) and disinformation (false information that is meant to mislead) are widely shared via social media platforms, despite a 🎅 push for fact checking and accuracy since the 2024 presidential election. The phenomenon of inaccurate news still occurs at alarming 🎅 rates as people's online algorithms are largely driven by their political biases.
Jeffrey Layne Blevins, a journalism professor at the University 🎅 of Cincinnati, states that rightwing figures share disinformation in hopes of "outraging people on the political right", especially during an 🎅 election cycle. Such content is accepted as truth by those online who already share rightwing beliefs themselves. "It creates an 🎅 echo chamber of sorts," he said. "When public figures who share your political beliefs post content like this – people 🎅 are more likely to accept it at face value."
Imigrantes como bode expiatório
Republicans at all levels of government have linked immigrants 🎅 to instances of violent crime, including drug smuggling and assault. During his campaign for the 2024 presidential election, Trump claimed 🎅 Mexicans crossing the BR southern border were "rapists", "bringing drugs, bringing crime". He began the construction of a wall along 🎅 the border – among other anti-immigrant policies – to deter "large sacks of drugs [from being thrown] over". During this 🎅 election cycle, Trump has said that undocumented people are "animals" who are "poisoning the blood of our country", despite immigrants 🎅 being significantly less likely to commit crimes than US-born citizens.
The demonization of immigrants is a repeated move by lawmakers to 🎅 secure votes, said Germán Cadenas, an associate professor at Rutgers University who specializes in the psychology of immigration. "Immigration is 🎅 really not as divisive as some politicians are trying to make it out to be," he said, as 64% of 🎅 Americans believe immigration is beneficial for the country. "It's a tactic that has been used historically to mobilize voters who 🎅 feel threatened."
História de políticas anti-imigrantes
For centuries, Cadenas said, politicians built policy around the stereotype that immigrants are a "threat" to 🎅 BR identity and safety. Anti-immigration laws such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the 1924 Immigration Act were 🎅 among the first to curtail BR immigration based on nationality. The Chinese Exclusion Act came largely after high-ranking union members 🎅 warned of a "Chinese invasion" that would steal white, American jobs. Similarly, BR senators advised their fellow legislators to "shut 🎅 the door" on immigrants as a migrating population would "encroach upon the reserve and virgin resources" of the US, before 🎅 the passage of the 1924 Immigration Act.
Fast forward to the early 2000s, as states such as Arizona passed laws allowing 🎅 local law enforcement to target anyone they believed was in the country without documentation. Arizona Republicans called arriving undocumented people 🎅 an "invasion that must be stopped" and a "national security threat", a political tactic to encourage support of the controversial 🎅 bill.
Politicians also attempt to etch out a voting bloc by passing anti-immigrant policies. "Historically, these stereotypes, these falsehoods, have [then] 🎅 been used to mobilize voters to elect policymakers who are going to make anti-immigrant laws and policies."
Consequências da desinformação
Disinformation about 🎅 immigrants has consequences, Cadenas and Ibarra said. "Across the nation, a number of states have an 'anti-immigrant policy climate'," Cadenas 🎅 said, meaning those states pass laws that make the lives of immigrants harder.
"A small minority of folks who are threatened 🎅 by immigration are electing policymakers who are crafting policies that are negative towards immigrants," he added "These policies trickle down 🎅 to housing. They trickle down to the way that authorities deal with immigration at the local level. These policies trickle 🎅 down to healthcare and the kinds of access to health and mental health that immigrants have."
In Aurora, Venezuelan residents of 🎅 the aforementioned apartment complex have said they feel unsafe after the rumors of a gang takeover and they fear being 🎅 stereotyped as criminals.
Springfield has received more than 33 bomb threats since Trump's statements at the debate. Its city hall was 🎅 evacuated, along with some local schools. Springfield hospitals are also on alert, and Haitian immigrants say they have received several 🎅 threats.
"People that are hardworking, contributing to our communities, are not the danger, Ibarra said. "The danger is all of these 🎅 violent ideologies that are being fueled by the people that repeat these lies, by the people that go on social 🎅 media and on TV and continue to repeat them."
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